口語背誦營
1 / 41 PASSAGE 1: Success in Life Success means different things for different people. Some may equate it with fame, some with wealth and still some with accomplishments. For me, it means fulfilling one's dreams. Whatever your dreams are, you have a goal there and then focus all your attention on it. Dreams bring you hope and happiness. In the process of struggling for it, you cry, sweat, complain or even curse, but the jo y of harvesting makes you forget all the pains and troubles you have gone through. So an old proverb says that the sweetest fruit is one that has undergone the bitterest ordeal. There are several keys to success. First, your goal must be practical and pra cticable. If you set your goal too high, chances are that you will never attain it. Next, you have to make a plan of doing it. You can take some steps to realize it. Since the process is quite tough, you need to be diligent, patient and persevering. Even i f you meet with some difficulties or frustrations, just take them in your stride. You can always tell yourself that there is nothing insurmountable. With this will and determination, success is sure to wait for you at the end of the tunnel! 成功對於不同的人來說意義不同。 一些人將它等同於聲望，有人將它等同於財富 另一些人將它等同於成就。 對我來說，成功意味着完成一個人的夢想。不管你的夢想是什麼，你有一個目標並且為之傾注心力。 夢想帶給你希望和幸福。在為之奮鬥的過程中，你流淚，流汗，抱怨甚至詛咒，但是收穫的快樂會令你忘卻着所有你所經歷的痛苦與艱辛。所以一句老話說最甜蜜的果實是在最艱苦的奮鬥後得來的。
口語背誦營 2 / 41 這裡有一些成功的秘訣。首先，你的目標必須現實可行。如果你制定的目標太高，你也許會永遠無法達到。再者，又必須為之制定計劃。你可以分步驟地實現他。因為過程將是艱苦的，你必須勤奮，耐心 ，堅持不懈。 即使你遇見了困難與挫折，也要將之克服。你要總是告訴自己沒有什麼事不能克服的。帶着這樣的決心，成功必然在道路的盡頭等着你。 PASSAGE 2: Learning: a Lifelong Career As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgement. Continuous learning is the best way to keep pace with the times in the information age. It is a common misunderstanding to regard school as the only place for the acquisit ion of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be an endless process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world changing so fast, to stop learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagn ation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization. Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 學習之於心靈，就像食物之於身體一樣。攝取了適量的營養食物，我們的身體得以生長而肌肉得以發達。同樣地，我們應該日復一日不斷地學習以保持我們敏銳的心智能力，並擴充我們的智力容量。 不斷的學習提供我們用不盡的燃料，來驅使我們磨利我們的推理、分析和判 斷的 能力。持續的學習是在信息時代中跟時代並駕齊驅的最穩當的方法。
口語背誦營 3 / 41 視學校為汲取知識的唯一場所是種常見的謬誤。相反地，學習應該是一種無終止的歷程，從生到死。由於世界一直快速地在變動，只要學習停頓數日就將使人落後。 缺少學習將不可避免地導致心靈的停滯，甚至更糟地，使其僵化。因此，為了保持心理年輕，我們必須將學習當作一生的事業。 PASSAGE 3: JOGGING 慢跑 Every day, in all kinds of weather, thousands of men and women go jogg ing. Why has jogging — running slowly for long distances — become so popular? Most joggers like it because they have heard it is a very good exercise. Jogging makes the heart stronger and helps people lose weight. It can also help them feel better about themse lves. How fast should you go? Jog with a friend and talk to each other as you run. If you have difficulty talking, you are going too fast. How far should you jog? Remember not to go too far too soon. In fact you should walk, not run, the first few times. Then do some short jogs, but no more than what you can do comfortably. After that, increase your distance a quarter or half of a mile every two weeks or so. Maybe in a few years, you, too, can run in a marathon like thousands of other people do. 每天，在各種天氣， 成千上萬的男人和女人去慢跑。為什麼慢跑 —— 長 距離 慢 跑 —— 變得如此流行 ? 大多數慢跑者喜歡它，因為他們聽說這是一種很好的鍛 煉。慢跑使心臟更強壯，幫助人們減肥。它還可以幫助他們自我感覺更好。 你應該 跑 多快 ? 和朋友一起慢跑，邊跑邊交談。如果你說話有困難，說明你 跑 得 太快了。你應該慢跑多遠 ? 記住不要 跑 得太遠太快。事實上，開始的幾次你應該 走路，而不是跑步。然後做一些短的慢跑，但不要超過你能舒服地做的 程度 。
口語背誦營 4 / 41 在那之後，每兩周左右增加四分之一或半英里的距離。也許幾年後，你也能像其他成千上萬的人一樣跑馬拉松。 PASSAGE 4: Body Language 肢體語言 Americans feel that physical contact can be important in breaking down barriers between people. Such physical acts as hugging, shaking hands and kissing in public are seen as displays of affection. In China, on the other hand, this is not common because physical contact is not the custom. Interestingly enough, most Chinese who spend some time in America come to like hugging; they learn that Americans use body language to express feelings. It is a way of saying 「 I like you and I care about you. 」 Shaking hands is another traditional way of greeting someone in America. Shaking hands is a more formal way of greeting than hugging. Whereas hugging shows closeness, shaking hands means that there is a little more formality in the relati onship. Western people usually shake hands when meeting someone for the first time, or when they see someone again after a certain amount of time has passed. In Japan, people traditionally bow as a form of greeting. Other countries have different customs, like patting someone on the back or kissing. 肢體語言 美國人認為身體接觸對於打破人與人之間的障礙很重要。這些諸如擁抱、握手及在公眾場合親吻等身體接觸都被看作是友好的表現。
口語背誦營 5 / 41 然而，在中國，身體接觸就不那麼普遍了，因為沒有這樣的習俗。有趣的是，大多數在美國度過了一段時間的中國人開始喜歡擁抱，他們知道美國人通過肢體語言來表達感情。這是一種表達 「 我喜歡你，我在意你 」 的方法。 在美國，握手是另一種傳統的問候方式。握手比擁抱更加正式。擁抱表示親密，而握手意味着兩人關係中更多了一些拘謹與禮節。 當第一次見面或隔了一段時間未見後再次見面時，西方人通常都是握手。在日本，人們通常以鞠躬表示問候。其他國家也有不同的習俗，比如拍某人的背或親吻。 PASSAGE 5: Sleep 睡眠 Scientists suggest that today, most adults get up to two hours' less sleep than they need. As a result, t hose lacking in sleep are forgetful, tired, less productive and grumpy. Sleep is the time when our bodies and minds are rested and restored. There are two types of sleep: Rapid Eye Movement and Non -REM. We need both types to be healthy. Rapid Eye Movement sleep is when we dream. Our brains are active, and our eyes have fast short movements, as if watching something. This type of sleep helps restore our mind. Non -REM sleep is when our brain and body slow down. Our heart rate slows and our breathing is regul ar. This type of sleep helps restore our body. We have twice as much Non -REM sleep as Rapid Eye Movement sleep each night. To get better sleep, have a regular time for sleeping and a routine before you go to bed. This will give your body the signal that i t is time to sleep. Make sure the bed and bedroom are quiet and comfortable. If your bed is too hard or too soft, if you are too cold or too hot, you will not sleep well. For two hours before going to bed do not drink coffee or alcohol, or do not
口語背誦營 6 / 41 smoke or exercise. All these activities stimulate your body and make sleep difficult. 科學家指出當今大多數成年人的睡眠時間要比正常需要的時間少兩個小時。結果是，睡眠不足的這些人健忘、疲憊、工作效率低下、性情乖戾。 睡眠是我們身 體和心智休息和恢復的時間。 睡眠有兩種形式：快速眼動睡眠和非快速眼動睡眠。這兩種睡眠我們都需要，以維護我們的健康。快速眼動睡眠時，我們在做夢。我們的大腦很活躍，眼睛在快速運動好像在看什麼東西。這種形式的睡眠幫助我們恢 復心智。 非快速眼動睡眠時，我們的大腦和身體活動減少，心跳變慢，呼吸均勻。這種形式的睡眠幫助我們恢復體力。每天晚上，我們的非快速眼動睡眠時間是快速眼動睡眠時間的兩倍。 要想睡得更好，睡覺的時間要有規律，睡覺前要有特定的程 序。 這樣會給身體一個要睡覺了的信號。要確保床和臥室安靜舒適。如果床太硬了或者太軟了，身體太熱了或者太冷了，都睡不好。睡覺前兩個小時內不要喝咖啡或酒精飲料，不要抽煙或者鍛煉身體。這些活動會使你的身體興奮起來，使入睡變得困難。 PASSAGE 6: Swimming 游泳 Swimming is a competitive sport played around the world and on many different levels, including the Olympics. It's also an easy sport to do on your own ， both for fun and for exercise. Many doctors and athletes agree that swimming is one of the best workouts you can give your body, because it works almost on all of your major muscle groups at the same time.
口語背誦營 7 / 41 Since you're floating in the water and not in contact with any hard surfaces, there's less pressure on your joints and bones. You're less likely to suffer injuri es than with other sports. There are many ways to push yourself and get better as a swimmer. If you're into speed, you can race the clock and see how long it takes you to do a certain number of laps. If you're into endurance, you can slow down and see how many laps you can do before you have to take a rest. Many teenagers like swimming best. One of the students says, 「 The best part about swimming is when you beat your time. It doesn't even matter if you lose the race as long as you tried your best; you can walk away with a smile on your face. When you're in the water you forget that people may be watching and all you care about is getting to the other side of the pool and touching the wall. You can just let go and fly. 」 游泳是世界流行的競技運動，有許多不同級別的游泳比賽，包括奧運會級別的。游泳 也是一種自己就可以進行的簡單運動，可以游着玩玩，也可以鍛煉身體。 許 多醫生和運動員認為游泳是你可以給予自己身體的最好的鍛煉之一，因為它幾乎同時調動了你所有的主要肌肉群。由於你浮在水面上，不接觸任何堅硬的表面，你的關節和骨骼受到比較小的壓力，比起其他運動，游泳受傷的可能性比較小。 有許多方法可以推動你成為一個更好的游泳者。如果你想練速度，你可以用表計時，看你游一定的圈數需用時多少。如果你想練耐力，你可以放慢速度，看在不得不休息前你可以游多少圈。游泳是許多青少年最喜歡的運動。一個學生說：「游泳最開心的時候是打破 自己記錄的時候。是否贏得比賽根本不重要，只要你盡了 最大的努力，你就可以笑着離開了。當你在水中時，你會忘記注視着你的人，你所關心的只是到達泳池的另一邊，碰到池壁。你可以不顧一切地飛翔。」 PASSAGE 7: Dragon Boat Festival The Dragon Boat Festival is one of three major Chinese holidays, along with the Spring and Moon Festivals. Of the three, it is poss ibly the oldest,
口語背誦營 8 / 41 dating back to the Warring States Period in 227 B.C. The festival commemorates Qu Yuan, a minister in the service of the Chu Emperor. Despairing over corruption at court, Qu threw himself into a river. Townspeople jumped into their boats and tried in vain to save him. Then, hoping to distract hungry fish from his body, the people scattered rice on the water. Over the years, the story of Qu 』 s demise transformed into the traditions of racing dragon boats and eating zongzi –a kind of rice wra pped in bamboo leaves. The races have certainly captured the imagination of people from all over the world. Every spring there are nearly 60 dragon boat races held outside of China in cities from Vancouver to Sydney. Canada alone has nearly 50 dragon boat teams and Germany has nearly 30. So what is it about the Dragon Boat Festival that appeals to foreigners? 「 It』 s an unusual sport, 」 says one racer from Germany. 「 It』 s not like everybody 』 s doing it. That 』 s one of the reasons that there 』 s such great team spi rit in a dragon boat team –everybody feels like we 』 re doing something special. 」 And what about the zongzi? 「 Ehhh, they 』 re not bad, I guess, 」 he says. 「 Something of an acquired taste. I just haven 』 t really acquired it yet. 」 端午節與春節和中秋節並列為中國三大節日。這三個節日中，它可能是最古老的一個，可以追溯到公元前 227 年的戰國時代。這個節日是為了紀念楚國的大夫 屈原。 他因為對朝廷的貪污腐敗感到絕望而投河自盡。鎮上的人紛紛衝上船去救他，卻沒有成功。後來大家把米撒到水裡，希望把飢餓的魚群從他的軀體邊引開。
口語背誦營 9 / 41 多年以後，屈原逝世的故事逐漸演變成賽龍舟和吃粽子 (一種包在竹葉中的米食 ) 的傳統。這些競賽顯然激起了世界各地人們的 想象 。 每年春天有將近 60 場龍舟賽在中國境外的城市舉辦，從溫哥華到悉尼，從波蘭 的格但斯克到南非的開普敦。單單字加拿 大就有將近 50 支龍舟隊伍，德國則有 近 30 個。 那麼，為什麼端午節賽龍舟會吸引外國人呢？「這是一項不尋常的運動。」一位來自德國的參賽者說，「這並不是所有的人都在從事的運動。這正是龍舟隊的團隊精神如此高昂的原因之一，每個人都覺得自己在做一件很特別的事。」那麼粽子呢？「喔，我覺得它不難吃。」他說，「那是一種需要後天培養的品味。我只是還沒培養出來罷了。」 PASSAGE 8 The Government of the United States These days, the American President is one of the most powerful men in the world. He can make war, or peace. He can touch the lives of millions in many different countries, but the President cannot do just what he wants. The Congress must agree first. In some ways, the United States is like fifty small countries and not one large one. Every state has its own governor, its own police, and its own laws. For example, in some states you can buy an alcoholic drink when you are 18. In others, you must wait un til you are 21. The government of the whole country (the 'federal' government) works from Washington, the capital city. This is where Congress is based. Congress has two parts, the Senate, and the House of Representatives. There are 100 members of the Se nate (called Senators), two from each state. The President cannot act without the Senate's agreement. The House of Representatives has 435 members. Like the senators, they can make new laws.
口語背誦營 10 / 41 Americans choose a new President every four years. The election i s a great occasion. It is serious business, of course, but the Americans make sure that it is fun too. 時至今日，美國總統是世界上最有權勢的人物之一。他能發動戰爭，也可帶來和平；他能觸及諸多國家的幾百萬條性命，不過他也不可隨心所欲。總統要做的事要事先得到國會的批准。 在某些方面，美國像是五十個小國而不是一個統一的大國。各州均有自己的州長、自己的警察和法律。比如，在有些州，年滿十八歲可以買酒精飲料，但在其他 州， 要等到二十一歲才行。 整個國家的政府（聯邦政府）辦公地點在首都華盛頓， 國會也在此。國會由兩部分組成：參議院和眾議院。參議院有一百名成員（稱為參議員），每州兩名。未經參議院同意總統不能採取任何行動。眾議院有四百三十五名眾議員。和參議員一樣，他們可制定新法。 美國總統每四年選舉一次。總統選舉是個重要事件。它當然是很嚴肅的，不過美國人也會讓其充滿樂趣。 PASSAGE 9 Globalization In the years after World War Il, the world greatly ch anged. Much of this was due to new technology. For instance, the jet was developed. This increased the speed that people could travel. There were also advances in telecommunications. Computers and the Internet were invented. It became much easier for peopl e to communicate with others all around the world. This has led to the spread of globalization. Basically, the world is becoming a smaller place. In the past, what happened in one country rarely affected other countries. Or it took a
口語背誦營 11 / 41 long time for any effects to occur. But the world is different today. Because of globalization, what happens in one part of the world can affect places all around it. Thanks to globalization, people can now do business more easily with those in other countries. When you go to the supermarket, you can see various foods from all of the different countries. This happens because of globalization. Also, people are learning more about other countries these days. This leads to more understanding about other countries. In the age of globalization, there has not been a single world war. And the world is becoming richer. Globalization has surely been good for the world. 在第二次世界大戰後的幾年裡，世界發生了巨大的變化。這在很大程度上要歸功於新技術。例如，噴氣式飛機被開發出來了。 這提高了人們的旅行速度。電信業 也取得了進步。計算機和因特網被發明出來了。人們更容易與世界各地的人交流。這導致了全球化的蔓延 。 基本上，世界正在變小。過去，在一個國家發生的事情很少影響到其他國家。或者花了很長時間才產生效果。但今天的世界不同了。由於全球化，世界某一地區發生的事情可能影響到世界各地。 由於全球化，人們現在可以更容易地與其他國家的人做生意。當你去超市的時候，你可以看到來自不同國家的各種各樣的食物。這是因為全球化。而且，最近人們對其他國家了解得更多。這會使人們增進對其他國家的了解。在全球化時代，沒有發生過一場世界大戰。世界越來越富裕。全球化肯定對世界有好處。
口語背誦營 12 / 41 PASSAGE 10 Resources There are many kinds of resources on the Earth. Four of them are very important. They are renewable, nonrenewable, human, and capital resources. Renewable resources can be used again and again. They can be replaced within a short time. Some energy resourc es are renewable. The energy from the sun, tides, water, and wind is renewable. Also, trees and animals are renewable. But humans still need to take good care of them. We should not waste them at all. Nonrenewable resources are limited in supply. Once we use them, they disappear forever. They can 』 t be replaced. Many energy resources are like this. Coal, gas, and oil are nonrenewable. Human resources are people and the skills they have. This also includes the knowledge and information that humans have. Pe ople make products using renewable and nonrenewable resources. Machines are often used to produce goods. The machines and tools that are used to produce goods are called capital resources. 地球上有很多種資源。其中有 4 種非常重要 ,即可再生資源、不可再生資源 ,人力 資源和資本資源。
口語背誦營 13 / 41 可再生資源可以重複使用。它們可以在短時間內再 生。有一些資源屬於可再生資 源 ,如從太陽 ,潮沙 ,水和風中獲得的能源。另外 ,樹木和動物也屬於可再生資源。但 即使如此 ,人類也要好好珍惜它們 ,絕不能浪費。 不可再生資源的供應有限。它們一旦被使用 ,就會水遠消失 ,不可再生。很多能源 屬於不可再生資源 ,如煤炭 ,天然氣和石油。 人力資源是指人和人所擁有的技術 ,以及人所掌握的知識和信息。人類利用可再 生資源和不可再生資源生產產品 ,在這個過程中通常會用到機器。生產產品時所 用的機器和工具就叫做資本資源。 PASSAGE 11 Caring for the Five Senses Everyone has five senses. The five senses are sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. We use different body parts for different senses. We need to take care of the parts of our bodies that let us use our senses. For example, you use your eyes for seeing . You should protect your eyes and have a doctor regularly check your eyesight. Don't sit too close to the TV or computer monitor, and don't read in the dark or in dim light. Never look directly at the sun or at very bright lights. Your ears let you hear t he things around you. You should clean your ears all the time. Don't listen to loud music, and try to avoid places that are really loud. Protect your ears when you play sports. Your nose cleans the air you breathe and lets you smell things. Avoid things t hat have very strong smells. Your tongue help s you taste things you eat and drink. Your skin protects your body from germs and gives you sense of touch. Always wash your hands after blowing your nose, playing outside, or using the restroom. Protect your s kin from sunburns. Use sunscreen to protect your skin from the sun.
口語背誦營 14 / 41 每個人都有 5 種感覺官能 ,分別是視覺 ,聽覺、嗅覺、味覺和觸覺。不同的感覺官 能對應不同的身體部位 ,所以我們要好好照顧這些身體器官。 例如 ,看東西要用到眼 ,每個人都應該保護自己的眼睛並定期去醫院檢查視力。不 要離電視或電腦屏幕太近 ,不要在黑暗中或昏暗的燈光下看書 ,也絕對不要直視太 陽或其他強光。 聽周圍的聲音要用到耳朵。要時常清潔耳朵 ,聽音樂時音量不宜過大 ,注意避開嘈 雜的地方 ,而且運動時也要注意保護耳朵。 鼻子能淨化我們吸入體內的空氣並讓我們聞出物體的氣味。要避免接觸具有刺激性氣味的物體。 舌頭能讓我們品嘗食物和飲料的味道。皮膚會阻擋病菌進入體內並讓人擁有觸覺。擤鼻子、外出玩耍以及上衛生間之後一定要洗手。為了防止皮膚曬傷 ,還應該塗 抹防曬霜以阻隔烈日的暴曬。 PASSAGE 12 How Technology Helps People? Nowadays, we live in an advan ced world. We use many new inventions that people long ago never imagined. In the past, people could not regularly communicate with others. It took days ,weeks, or even months just to send a letter. There were no telephones. So people had to talk face to f ace. Nowadays,we use cell phones to call anyone anywhere in the world. And we send email to people instantly thanks to the internet. In the past, traveling short distances took a long time. People either walked or rode on a horse. Now ,most people own cars . They can drive long distances in short period of time. And people can even fly around the world on airplanes now. In the past, people often died because of poor medical treatment. Even a toothache could sometimes kill a person! Now, vaccines protect peop le
口語背誦營 15 / 41 from disease. And doctors are making more and more discoveries every day. 我們如今生活在一個先進的世界裡 ,使用着過去人們無法想象的很多新發明。過 去 ,人們無法與他人經常聯繫 ,連寄一封信都可能要花幾天、幾個星期 ,甚至幾個月 的時間對方才能收到。過去也沒有電話 ,人們只能面對面交流 ,如今 ,人們可以用手 機給世界各地的人打電話。而且由於有了互聯網 ,人們可以即時給別人發送電子 郵件。 過去人們只能步行或騎馬 ,即使短途旅行也要花很長時間。而現在 ,大多數人都有 汽車 ,在短時間內就能駕車去很遠的地方 ,人們甚至還可以乘飛機飛往世界各地。 過去人們常因醫療條件差而喪命 ,有時連牙痛都能奪走一個人的生命。現在 ,疫苗 使人們遠離疾病 ,而且醫生每天都在獲取越來越多的新發現。 PASSAGE 13 The American Way of Marriage "I do." To Americans those two words carry great meaning. They can even chan ge your life. Especially if you say them at your own wedding. Making wedding vows is like signing a contract, Now Americans don't really think marriage is a business deal. But marriage is serious business. It all begins with engagement. Traditionally, a yo ung man asks the father of his sweetheart for permission to marry her. If the father agrees, the man later proposes to her. Often he tries to surprise her by "popping the question" in a romantic way. Sometimes the couple just decides together that the time is right to get married. The man usually gives his fiancée a diamond ring as a symbol of their engagement. They may be engaged for weeks, months or even years. As the big day approaches, bridal showers and bachelor's parties provide many useful gifts. To day many couples also receive counseling
口語背誦營 16 / 41 during engagement. This prepares them for the challenges of married life. 「我願意」這句話對美國人而言具有重大意義，它甚至可以改變你的生命，特別是當你在自己的婚禮上說出這句話時，在婚禮中所發的誓言就如同簽訂契約一樣，美國人並不是真把婚姻當作商業交易，但是，結婚確實是件嚴肅的事情。 結婚是從訂婚開始，在傳統上，年輕人會請求他的女朋友的父親允許他娶她， 如果女方的父親答應，之後方可向女方求婚。通常男方會試着以羅曼蒂克的方式「提出這個問題」以帶給女方驚喜。 有時候雙方會覺得現在結婚正是時候，於是男方通常會送女方鑽戒作為互訂終身的象徵。他們可能訂婚幾個星期、幾個月，甚至幾年，當大喜的日子接近時，賀禮贈送會和單身漢俱樂部都會贈送許多實用的禮物。今天有許多訂婚的男女在訂婚期間接受諮詢服務，這是為了讓他們有準備接受婚姻生活的挑戰。 PASSAGE 14 How to run a company If you want to run a company well, you should remember that there are four general policies to follow with employees. First, pay them what they are worth. When people begin with your company, they are rarely worth what they are paid, because you are inves ting in their future productivity. You should pay people low at the start, with higher payments once they are established and productive. Second, you should make employees feel important. Build them positively and openly when praise is deserved. Temper thi s with negative motivation, pointing out where minor shortcomings are diluting the success that could be enjoyed. Avoid complacency by keeping employees slightly off -balance.
口語背誦營 17 / 41 Third, make employees think for themselves. Sometimes by being nonspecific, you c reate the environment where employees adapt other ideas and learn how to apply them in the new situation. Fourth, separate office life from social life. It is impossible to let your hair down with someone one night, and come down hard on them the next day. You should also remember that if you have to fire employees, take a creative approach. Try to find a job for them somewhere else, and let the other company steal them away. However, if extreme action is called for, act decisively while respecting the feel ing of the employee. Never expect from you r employees anything that you are not willing to do yourself. It 』 s more than a clich é— it』 s sound business practice. 如何管理公司 如果你想好好運營一家公司，應記住對員工有四項基本原則。 首先，按照他們的價值來支付薪水。當員工開始在你的公司工作，很少會得到應有的報酬，因為你投資他們的未來生產力。一開始你應付員工較 低的薪水，但一 旦他們能力完善，而且富有成效，你就應該給他們漲薪水。 其次，你應該讓員工覺得自己很重要。當他們的工作值得表揚，就要積極鼓勵，並不吝表揚。如果使用消極動力，無足輕重的錯誤也要挑出來，這樣也沖淡了成功的喜悅。稍稍保持員工不平衡，可以避免他們自滿。 第三， 讓員工自己思考。有時你不給於明確指令，可以創造一個環境，讓員工接 納其他想法，並且運用到新的環境中去。 第四， 辦公室和社交生活要明確分開。晚上和人輕鬆聊天，第二天白天對他嚴格 要求，這是不可能做到的。
口語背誦營 18 / 41 你要記住，如果要解僱員工，要採用創造性的方法。比如為他們在其他公司謀職，然後讓其他公司把他們挖去。但是，如果發生極端行為，要果斷行事，同事尊重員工的感受。 絕不要期待你的員工去做你自己不願做的工作。我知道這是老生常談，但是的確是良好的商業行為。 PASSAGE 15: Importance of communication Communication is extremely important in any relationship. Importance of Communication has been stressed time and again. Lack of communication creates a number of problems that only increase with time. It is often seen that the families where people talk to each other frequently are happier. They share their joys, sorrows and other emotions with each other. There is a lively atmosphere in such families. They laugh it out together and celebrate every moment whole -heartedly. Such is the importance of communication. Compared to this, the families where all the members are busy with their own tasks a re usually not as happy. The atmosphere in such families is quite dull and gloomy. They plan outings with their friends and colleagues rather than their family members.
口語背誦營 19 / 41 This is because they have neglected the importance of communication all along and are t hus not comfortable communicating with each other. And without good communication there is no way one can enjoy. People in such families often find themselves lonely and even get into depression. Similarly, lack of communication is harmful in every situati on. We must all realise the importance of communication. 溝通的重要性 在任何關係中，溝通都極其重要。溝通的重要性再強調也不為過。隨着時間推移，缺乏溝通會產生許多問題，並且問題會不斷累加。 通常而言，家庭成員如果溝通頻繁，那麼這家人就會生活更愉快。他們分享喜悅、悲傷和其他感情。整個家庭都會因此而生機勃勃。他們同歡笑，全心全意慶祝每一刻。由此可見，溝通如此重要。 相對而言，家庭成員如果麼個人都忙自己的事情，家庭就沒那麼快樂。這個家庭的整個氛圍非常沉悶和陰 郁。家庭成員各自安排和他們的朋友和同事出行，而不 是和其他家庭成員一起出行。 這是因為他們一直忽視溝通的重要性，因而溝通的時候也覺得不自在。家庭成員會覺得自己很孤獨，甚至會患上抑鬱症。 同樣地，每一種情況缺乏溝通都是有害的。我們必須意識到溝通的重要性。 PASSAGE 16 : The Dangers of Plastic Bags Most of us have seen the heart wrenching images of birds being terminally entangled by pl astic bags, and of the deaths of animals due to plastic bag ingestion.
口語背誦營 20 / 41 According to the latest report, nearly 200 different species of sea life including whales, dolphins, seals, and turtles die because of plastic bags. Bags end up in landfills, oceans, se as, and lakes. Unlike items that naturally biodegrade, plastic bags photodegrade, meaning that over time the plastic breaks down into smaller, more toxic substances. These contaminants poison our soil and water and then enter our food chain. If we trade our plastic bags for reusable cloth bags, we can help this plastic bag crisis. Because plastic bags are made from oil, reducing them would decrease foreign oil dependency. We 』d start preserving the thousands of marine animals and more than 1 million of bi rds who die from plastic bags each year. It』 s a small investment to give ourselves and our children a better future. 塑料袋的危害 絕大多數人都見過這種心碎的畫面，小鳥被塑料袋纏住勒住，以及動物因誤食塑料袋而致死。 最新報告指出，將近 200 種不同海洋生物都死於塑料袋，其中包括鯨、海豚、 海豹、還有海龜等。 塑料袋一般都在陸地、海里和湖裡填埋。 不同於其他的生物降解材料，塑料袋為光降解材料，意味着塑料袋會隨着時間變成更小更加有毒性的無知。這些塑料污染物讓毒害了我們的土壤和水，然後進入到食物鏈中。
口語背誦營 21 / 41 如果我們把塑料袋換成可以循環使用的布袋子，我們可以幫助緩解塑料袋危機。 因為塑料袋製作材料為原油，減少使用塑料袋，可以減少對進口原油的依賴性。 我們可以保護千萬種海洋動物和一百萬種鳥類，每年他們都因塑料袋致死。 這是個小投資，但是會給我們自己，我們的孩子更好的未來。 PASSAGE 17 ： Promotion Before you ask for a promotion, be sure that you're doing all the right things to help ensure that the answer will be positive. 1. Do a Great Job. How you perform in your current position is going to be important when you're considered for a promotion. Excellent performance re views and your reputation as an above -average employee will carry a lot of weight when the company is making staffing decisions. 2. Be a Team Player. Volunteer to help with new projects in the office. Offer to help your boss and co -workers whenever time pe rmits. You'll be known as a team player and an individual that colleagues want to work with. 3.Don't Miss Work. Be on time for work and don't take more time off than you are allocated. If you're known as a slouch and someone who misses more work than is ap propriate, it will be held against you. 4． Network and Get Noticed. Attend company parties and gatherings. The more connected and engaged you are with your colleagues, the more they will know about
口語背誦營 22 / 41 you and the more you'll stand out when it comes time to con sider you for promotion. Managers are more likely to promote an employee they know well than a random applicant they don't know much about. 在您提晉升要求前，要保證您所做的事情都是對的，只有這樣才能爭取到正面的回覆。 目前工作做得不錯。當前工作表現是老闆評價你否應該晉升的關鍵因素。良好的績效評價和高於其他普通員工的聲譽會是公司做人事決定時非常看重的要素。 具有團隊合作精神。辦公室里有新項目的話，積極給予幫助。積極給予委員會或工作隊幫助。時間允許的話，多多幫助老闆和同事。這樣大家會覺得你有團隊合作精神，並想要和您共事。 不要誤工。準時上班，別人給你分配多少時間，記得不要多占用。如果別人覺得你是個懶散的人，且常常誤工，這會對你晉升很不利。 參與社交，被別人關注到。參加公司聚會和集會活動。您與同事之間的聯繫和互動越多，他們就越了解你，在考慮您的晉升時，會讓您更加突出。管理者更願意提拔他們了解的人，而非他們知之甚少的人。 PASSAGE 18 : Parents and teenagers Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Teenagers have similar feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common argument between parents and teenage rs is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks.
口語背誦營 23 / 41 On the one hand, parents go mad over messy rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children's refusal to help with the housework. On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually w hen parents blame them for dropping the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket. Psychologists say that communication is the most important thing in parent -child relationships. Parents should talk to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may scold their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two -way process. It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. 青少年和家長 家長感覺和青少年期的孩子相處非常困難。處於青少年期的孩子也有同感，稱和他們一起生活不容易。據一份最近的調查研究，家長和青少年最常的爭執是房間不整潔和日常家務。 一方面，家長看到亂糟糟的房間就開始生氣，衣服扔在地上，孩子還拒絕幫忙做家務。 另一方面，當家長責怪孩子把毛巾扔在浴室地板上，沒有收拾好自己的房間，或者不肯一起去超市購物時，處於青少年期的孩子總是失去耐心。 心理學家認為在親子關係中最重要的事情就是溝通。家長應該和孩子談話，但也應該豎起耳朵聽孩子的聲音。
口語背誦營 24 / 41 當孩子們不夠整潔的時候，家長也許會訓斥他們，但是他們也應該理解孩子的房間是私有空間。溝通是雙向的過程。只有傾聽和理解對方，家長和孩子之間的問題才可以解決。 PASSAGE 19 ： Develop Better Relationships with Neighbors Good nei ghbors are a lot like electricity or running water: we don't know how much we depend on them until we don't have them. They make our lives more pleasant and give us a sense of who we are, both as an individual and as a member of the community. Here's how t o develop your relationships with these very important people in your life. Strike up a conversation. Often neighbors don't even know each other's names. But it's okay to be the one to break the ice , even if you've lived next door for years. Most neighbors enjoy making small talk with the folks on the other side of the fence. Avoid causing inconveniences. Return anything that you borrow from a neighbor, such as tools, in good repair and as soon as y ou've finished with them. Replace anything that belongs to your neighbor that you, your children, or your pets break or soil. Care about the details. In a good relationship, it's really the little things that count. Help to bring in the mail for the elder ly neighbor when there is a heavy rain. All it takes to develop your relationship with neighbors is the respect for their feelings. 和鄰里和睦相處 好的鄰里關係就像電和自來水：失去他們之後，才知道我們有多依賴他們。他們讓我們的生活更加愉悅，並且給我們一種作為個體和社區一員的存在感。以下將講述如何與這些重要的人形成友好關係。
口語背誦營 25 / 41 主動去談話。鄰居們經常不知道其他人的名字。即便你們挨着 對方居住多年，但 是也可以有破冰談話。許多鄰居都喜歡和籬笆那一邊的老兄隨便聊兩句。 避免造成不方便。從鄰居那裡接的東西，如工具，用完之後要儘快還給他們。你、你的孩子、或者你的寵物不小心弄壞或者埋掉的任何東西，需要馬上替換成新的給你鄰居。 注意到細節。小事情可以決定好的鄰里關係。大雨天幫助你的鄰居老人家把信件送到房間裡。 形成和睦鄰里關係的最重要的因素是要尊重他們的感受。 PASSAGE 20 ： Why Should We Protect the Environment? It is important to protect the environment because man -made disruptions to ecosystems can cause extinction and because pollution creates dangers for both animals and people. Many of the dangers to the environment come from practices designed to make human life easier but actually threaten the long -term health and prosperity of humans. One of the most important reasons to protect the environment is because it helps protect different ecosystems. Over the years, humans have discovered that many ecosystems are more complex than was originally thought and are deeply connected to other ecosystems. Human changes to one ecosystem, whether through environmental pollution or deliberate manipulation, can actually put multiple species in danger of extinction, necessit ating the need to protect the environment. Protecting the environment also protects humanity. A great deal of pollution, especially ocean pollution, ends up affecting creatures that humans later consume, meaning that humans are ingesting toxins.
口語背誦營 26 / 41 我們為何要保護環境？ 保護環境非常重要，因人為干擾生態體系會導致物種滅絕，也因污染對人和動物都造成危害。 許多危害環境的因素來自人類為了生活便利的所作所為，但是長期來看這些行為威脅監考和人類的繁榮。 保護環境最重要的原因之一是因為可以保護不同生態體系。多年以來，人類已經發覺生態體系比原來想的要複雜得多，而各個生態體系深刻聯繫。 無論是通過環境污染還是故意人為行徑，人類改變一個生態體系，然後會把許多物種都置於瀕臨滅絕的危險中，保護環境義不容辭。 保護環境也是保護人類。許多污染尤其是海洋污染，最終的結局是影響人類會消耗的物種，也就 是說人類在食毒素。 PASSAGE 21 ： Tipping 「Tipping」 is handled very differently in the UK and America. In the UK, the reason for tipping is to show that you really liked the service. In the UK people have a high minimum wage, and no one can be paid below this amount for any work, so when you tip, it is mainly showing politeness to the service person, and to acknowledge that they did an excellent job. The average tip is around 10 -20%. If you didn't like the service, you can always refuse to pay. Or if you are a student or a traveler on a budget, it's OK not to spend the extra money. In the US, you will often hear 「tips」 called 「service charges」. It is essential to tip in the US, because the waitresses and bar staff are paid a low wage which they cannot afford to live on, and therefore your tip is much needed by them.
口語背誦營 27 / 41 The business and the servers all expect t hat a tip will be given. It's considered to be part of their salary. In some restaurants, the tip will be added to the bill, so it's not optional. The expected amount of a tip is usually 15%. Of course, if the server did a really good job, you can always give them more. 小費 給「小費」在英國和美國大不同。 在英國，給小費是表達你非常喜歡你得到的服務。在英國人們的最低起薪很高，無論什麼工作，每個人的工資都不會低於一定數目，所以當你給小費主要是表達對提供服務的人的禮貌，認可他們的工作很出色。 小費在消費的 10% 到 20% 左右。如果你不喜歡提供的服務，也可以拒絕付小費。 如果你是學生、或者是窮游的旅人，不給小費也沒關係。 在美國，你常常會聽到「小費」被叫做「服務費」。在美國給小費是必要的，因為服務生和酒吧的工作人員起薪很低，他們生活難以為繼，因此他們很需要你的小費。 商家和服務者都期待收到小費，這是他們薪水的一部分。在一些餐廳，小費直接被加入到賬單中，所以不是可選的。而且小費占到消費的 15% 。當然，如果服 務生表現真的很好，你也可以給更多。 PASSAGE 22 ： Happy Vacation Many of us invest valuable time, energy and money in planning our va cations. Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression. Yet, despite these benefits, many of us return home with a feeling that our last vacation was OK - but not great. In order to change this, some mistakes should be avoided.
口語背誦營 28 / 41 A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components. Hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an opportunity to experience what psychologists call mindfulness - time to take in our new surroundings, time to be present and absorb our travel experiences. Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues such as how to find a good flight deal, or which destinations to add or subtract fr om our journey. These issues may seem important, but our psychological state of mind is far more important. Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules. First, choose your travel companions wisely, because nothing contributes more sign ificantly to a trip than the right companions. Second, don't spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood. Third, shop wisely, for meaningful experiences provide more long -term happiness than phy sical possessions. 愉快假期 許多人計劃假期的時候投入了寶貴的時間、精力和金錢。休假能幫助我們更好工作，改善我們的睡眠質量，而且防止我們陷入抑鬱之中。 但除去這些好處，許多人度假回家的時候認為這次假期差強人意。為了改變這種情況，我們要避免一些錯誤。 典型的假期計劃是想要金錢價值最大化，所以安排行程的時候會涵蓋太多景點。從一個地方到下一個景點走馬觀花，人們很難有機會體驗心理學家所說的「專注體驗」，也就是說接納新環境，需要時間呈現和吸收我們的旅行體驗。
口語背誦營 29 / 41 另外一個錯誤是太擔心一些攻略問題，比如怎 樣找到特價機票，該添加哪個目的 地，或者該去掉哪個目的地。這些問題可能很重要，但是我們的心理狀態更重要。 事實上，休假的快樂是基於幾個首要法則。首先，明智地選擇你的旅伴，因為正確的旅伴帶來的貢獻太大了。 第二， 不要把你的假期時間都花在一個所有物價都很高的地方，保持積極心態很 重要。 第三，理智消費，因為有意義的體驗會帶來比物質上的占有更長期的快樂。 PASSAGE 23 ： Small businesses Today, I'd like to turn our attention to an area of management often overlooked in traditional management courses: small -business management. Small businesses have gone from being traditional small -town stores selling food or clothing to sophisticated, high -tech enterprises. And in addition to the important products they produce, they create jobs for lots of people because there are so many of them. Writing a business plan that everyone in the organization understands and follows will help to provide the necessary focus and direction. It's important to state clearly what the purpose of the business is. Now, if for some reason a business plan doesn't work, try hard to discover why not, rewrite it, and immediately focus on the new plan. A word of caution, however, never give up a bad plan without replacing it.
口語背誦營 30 / 41 A business has to have a plan because it can't afford to waste its limited resources. And, as you know, waste leads to unnecessarily high production costs. Production costs are at the heart of the company's ability to make a high -quality product and sell i t at an affordable price. 小企業『 今天，我想把注意力轉向一個在傳統管理課程中經常被忽視的領域：小企業管理。 小企業從傳統小鎮的賣食物衣服的店鋪，到複雜的高科技企業。 除了他們的產品很重要以外，因為小企業如此之多，他們為許多人創造了就業。 編寫企業計劃可以幫助組織中每個人明晰並且遵守計劃，也會提供必要的注意力和方向。 現在，如果因某些原因，企業計劃不可行，那麼努力發現原因，重寫計劃，然後馬上關注到新計劃上。 但是有一點要注意，如果沒有新計劃代替，那麼不要放棄現在的壞計劃。 企業必須有計劃因為它不能浪費不起有限的資源。 要知道，浪費會導致不必要的高生產成本。 生產成本是公司的核心競爭力，生產高質量產品然後以合理價格售出。 PASSAGE 24 ： Catch a mood
口語背誦營 31 / 41 Did you know you can catch a mood? A bad mood isn't spread by a virus like the flu is, but it can be contagious. Moods sort of drift from person to person unconsciously. Slight, unintentional signals carry the mood. You've probably experienced it yourself. You're around someone who's feeling down and showing it: slumped shoulders, downcast mouth, subdued voice all that sort of thing. Pretty soon you begin to feel depressed too. Of course, good moods are also catching, not just bad ones. Moods spread in steps. One person's facial expression or whatever is observed by another, who then unconsciously begins to mimic. The person isn't even aware of the copying. Not everyone picks up moods to the same degree. Those who're most susceptible often have strong physiological responses to what's going on around them. People don't all send moods equally well either. The best mood senders are expressive people because mood contagion can't happen without signals. If they aren't there, that is, the person gives no indication of the mood they're in, nobody will pick up the mood. 注意情緒變化
口語背誦營 32 / 41 你知道自己可以注意別人的情緒變化嗎？ 壞情緒雖然不會像流感病毒一樣肆虐，但是的確會感染其他人。 情緒會潛移默化到其他人身上。細微的、無意的信號中蘊含着情緒。 可能你有過類似感受。 在你 旁邊的一個人情緒很低落，然後顯現出來：肩膀耷拉着，滿嘴喪氣話，用壓 抑的聲音傾訴。 馬上你也會覺得很壓抑。當然好心情也會感染人，但力度不如壞情緒厲害。 情緒一步步四散開。 一個人的臉部表情，或其他人觀察到他表情變化，然後無意識地開始模仿。 這個人甚至都不知道自己在模仿。 不是每個人都能同等程度地被情緒感染。 人們也不會把情緒同等地傳遞出去。 最好的情緒傳遞者是有豐富表達的人，因為沒有信號，情緒無法感染。 如果信號不在場，也就是說該人沒有表現出他們的情緒，沒有人會注意到他們的情緒。 PASSAGE 25 ： UN/ Message on the United Nations Day United Nations Day marks the birthday of our founding Charter – the landmark document that embodies the hopes, dreams and aspirations of 「 we the peoples 」 . Every day, the women and men of the United Nations work to give pr actical meaning to that Charter. Despite the odds and the obstacles, we never give up. Extreme poverty is being reduced but we see inequality growing.
口語背誦營 33 / 41 Yet we don 』 t give up because we know by reducing inequality we increase hope and opportunity and peace around the world. Climate change is moving faster than we are, but we don 』 t give up because we know that climate action is the only path. Human rights are being violated in so many places. But we don 』 t give up because we know respect for human rights and human dignity is a basic condition for peace. Conflicts are multiplying - people are suffering. But we don ’t give up because we know every man, woman and child deserves a life of peace. On United Nations Day, let us reaffirm our commitment. To repair bro ken trust. To heal our planet. To leave no one behind. To uphold dignity for one and all, as united nations. 聯合國日是我們創始《憲章》的誕生日。這份里程碑文件體現着 「 我（聯合 國）人民 」 的希望、夢想和願望。 每天，聯合國的婦女男子都在努力賦予《憲章》真切實際的意義。 儘管存在艱難險阻，但我們從不放棄。 赤貧正在減少，不平等卻眼見加劇。 但我們不會放棄，因為我們知道，減少不平等使世界各地增加希望、機遇、 和平。 氣候變化的速度正在趕超我們的行動，但我們不會放棄，因為我們知道氣候 行動是唯一的出路。
口語背誦營 34 / 41 人權在如此多的地方遭受侵犯。但我們不會放棄，因為我們知道尊重人權和 人的尊嚴是和平的基本條件。 衝突在增加，人們在受苦。但我們不會放棄，因為我們知道男女老少都應享 有和平的生活。 值此聯合國日，讓我們重申我們的承諾。 修復破碎的信任。 治癒我們的地球。 不讓一個人掉隊。 聯合各國，維護所有人的尊嚴。 PASSAGE 26 ： AI Many researchers use the term artificial intelligence (AI) to describe the thinking and intelligent behavior demonstrated by machines. While AI can be helpful to human beings, scientists warn, it can also be a threat. In the future, many of today 』 s jobs that re quire a lot of physical labor will be replaced by machines with artificial intelligence. These include agricultural jobs, and ones with repetitive duties like telephone call centers. Artificial intelligence is changing the economy and current way of life. The health care industry is one area artificial intelligence is already changing. AI can process huge amounts of data, so doctors can use the most up -to -date information to diagnose and treat patients. There is also a dangerous side to artificial intellig ence. One example is combining drone aircraft technology and AI to
口語背誦營 35 / 41 create autonomous weapons. It means that people will use this technology to develop a kind of 「 poor man 』 s nuclear weapon. 」 The debate about whether artificial intelligence is good -- or bad -- for humans continues. Researchers agree there is no question that the technology is here, and will continue to change life on our planet. 研究員們用「人工智能（ AI ）」一詞來描述機器表現出的思維和智能行為。 科學家們警告稱，儘管人工智能為人類帶來便利，但也會成為一種威脅。 未來很多需要大量體力勞動的工作崗位將被人工智能機器所替代。包括農業 領域，以及重複性工作如電話呼 叫中心。 人工智能改變了經濟模式和當今的生活方式。 醫療保健是深受人工智能影響的行業之一。人工智能可以處理大量數據，醫 生就可以利用最新信息診斷和治療病人。 人工智能也具有危險的一面。比如結合無人機技術和人工智能製造出的自動 化武器。人們可能會使用這種技術研發 「 窮人的核武器 」 。 有關人工智能對人類是利是弊的爭論仍在繼續。研究人員稱，毫無疑問，人 工智能已經出現並將繼續改變我們的生活。 PASSAGE 27 ： The Benefits of E-commerce There is a reason why E-commerce has demonstrated such explosive growth in the past couple of years. Indeed, with the internet becoming an essential requirement of everyday life, businesses are learning to take advantage of the numerous benefits of E-commerce, the most notable of which include: Global market. A physical store will always be limited by a geographical area it can serve. An online store has the whole world as its
口語背誦營 36 / 41 market. Going from a local customer base to a global market at no additional cost is really one of the greatest advantages of trading online. Around -the -clock availability. Another great benefit of running an online business is that it is always open. For a merchant, it 』 s a dramatic increase in sales opportunities; for a customer, it 』 s a convenient and imm ediately available option. Reduced costs. E-commerce businesses benefit from significantly lower running costs. As there 』 s no need to hire sales staff or maintain a physical storefront, the merchants are able to save on operational costs and they can offer better deals and discounts to their customers. Inventory management. E-commerce businesses can automate their inventory management by using electronic tools to accelerate ordering, delivery and payment procedures. 電子商務的益處 在過去幾年內，電子商務為什麼能夠井噴式增長是有原因的。誠然，網絡 正在成 為每日生活的必需品，商務學習利用網絡益處，最顯著的包括： 全球市場。實體店總是受到地理限制，服務部分人群。網店可以定位全球市場。從本地客戶到全球市場，沒有額外成本。這是網上交易最大的利好。 隨時可得。運營網店另外一個利好就是網店可以一直開張。對於商人來說，銷售機會巨幅提升。不需要僱傭銷售人員在實體店兜售，商人可以節約運營成本然後給顧客更大折扣。 庫存管理。電子商務可以通過電子工具自動管理庫存，增加訂單，發貨和付款手續。 PASSAGE 28 ： Differences Between Chinese & American Education
口語背誦營 37 / 41 What are the main differences between the Chinese and American approach to education? The Chinese and American education systems have different aims. Many parents and educators view Chinese education as important for foundation, and Am erican education as being helpful for the cultivation of students 』 creativity. Chinese education focuses on the accumulation of knowledge , on how students manage and use the knowledge they learned in school, and on understandings of knowledge systems and structures. Americans are interested in how students use their knowledge in society. The American system lets students criticize ideas, and challenge as well as create concepts. The ways that American and Chinese students receive knowledge are also diffe rent. When they are doing homework, Chinese students just take notes and memorize the facts in textbooks. American teachers also assess students 』 creativity, leadership, and cooperation skills. Emphasizing these skills encourages American students to take part in extracurricular activities. They believe that education is a part of life, not just part of school. 中美教育的不同 中美教育方法的主要差異在何處？ 中國和美國的教育體系目標不同。許多家長和教育家認為中國教育注重基礎，而美國教育幫助培養學生的創造力。中國教育注重知識累積，學生如何管理和運用學校學習的知識，理解知識體系和架構。美國教育注重學生在社會中運用知識。美國教育體系讓學生對觀點進行批判和思辨，然後挑戰觀點，然後創造新的理念。
口語背誦營 38 / 41 美國學生和中國學生接受知識的方式也不同。當他們在做作業時，中國學生是做筆記，然後死記硬背教科書的內容。美國老師也會評估學生的創造力、領導力和合作技巧。着重加強這些技巧，鼓勵美國學生才加課外活動。他們相信教育是生活一部分，而不僅僅 是學校。 PASSAGE 29: The 4 Stages of Culture Shock Living abroad can be an exhilarating experience that encourages new world views, increases cultural curiosity and supports willingness to explore unfamiliar terrains. However, it may also invite a sense of fee ling a little lost in the world. Culture shock generally moves through four different phases: honeymoon, frustration, adjustment and acceptance. 1. The Honeymoon Stage The first stage of culture shock is often overwhelmingly positive during which traveler s become infatuated with the language, people and food in their new surroundings. 2. The Frustration Stage At this stage, the fatigue of not understanding gestures, signs and the language sets in and miscommunications may be happening frequently. 3. The Adjustment Stage Frustrations are often subdued as travelers begin to feel more familiar and comfortable with the cultures, people, food and languages of new environments. 4. The Acceptance Stage
口語背誦營 39 / 41 During the acceptance stage, travelers have the familiarity and are able to draw together the resources they need to feel at ease. Though it can be one of the hardest part of traveling, culture shock is just as integral to the experience as food, people and scenery. By recognizing it for what it is and finding ways to cope, you can prevent culture shock from ruining an otherwise fantastic experience abroad. 文化衝擊的四階段 旅居國外可以成為非常激動人心的體驗，促成新的世界觀，增加文化興趣，也可以增加探索陌生的土地。但是，這也可能帶來對世界的失落感。 一般而言，文化衝擊會經歷四個階段：蜜月期、無奈期、調整期和接受期。 1. 蜜月期 文化衝擊的第一階段總是排山倒海的樂觀，在這個階段旅客迷戀當地語言、當地人、食 物和新的周圍的一切。 2. 無奈期 這個階段為理解手勢、信號和語言的疲勞期。常常發現交流溝通有誤。 3. 調整期 當旅客開始更加熟悉和融入文化、人、食物和新環境的語言之後，無奈期就自然而然地被壓制了。 4. 接受期 接受期階段，旅客已經相當熟悉，而且能夠整合他們需要的資源，生活很自在。 雖然文化衝突可能是旅途中最艱難的部分，但是就像適應新的食物、人和風景一樣。先確認是什麼， 然後找到解決方法，你就可以避免文化差異毀掉你的海外 遊歷體驗，相反創造出美好體驗。 PASSAGE 30: SMOG IN BEIJING
口語背誦營 40 / 41 Earlier this week, a thick layer of smog rolled into China ’s capital city, turning skyscrapers into shadows and clear air into a yellow fog. Why does smog keep blanketing Beijing? Smog in China has many causes, including pollution from industries and traffic, b ut it tends to happen more often in the winter, when plummeting temperatures cause electricity demand to soar, and coal -fired power plants send more tiny particles of dust into the air. Particles smaller than 10 micrometers are of particular concern to hea lth experts, as particles that small can damage the lungs, aggravate asthma, and even cause heart attacks. China is taking steps to address the issue. The government has restricted driving in an effort to curb air pollution from cars. But it has a long w ay to go. China is still the world 』 s largest consumer of coal by far, and plans to continue using the sooty source of power. There is some cause for optimism. Like Beijing, Los Angeles also had a serious smog problem. But strict regulations implemented ov er the past few decades have helped reduce the amount of smog in Los Angeles, bringing back blue skies. There ’s hope that they could return to China too, though residents shouldn't expect to breathe easy any time soon. 北京霧霾 本周早些時候，濃重的霧霾席捲中國首都，摩天大樓成為模糊一邊，乾淨 的空氣 成為灰黃霧。 為何霧霾持續光臨北京呢？中國的霧霾成因有許多，包括工業和交通污染，但是霧霾在冬天來得更頻繁。溫度驟降，用電量激增，煤電廠於是把更多微小顆粒排放到空氣中。
口語背誦營 41 / 41 小於 10 微米的顆粒讓衛生專家非常擔憂。因為那么小的微粒可以傷害肺部，讓 哮喘惡化，甚至造成心臟病。 中國正在逐步解決這個問題。政府已經限制了路上開車，努力抑制車輛尾氣排放。但是依然長路漫漫。中國依然是世界最大的煤消耗國，並計劃繼續使用烏黑的煤發電。 但是也有保持樂觀的理由。和北京一樣，洛杉磯也曾遭遇嚴重的霧霾 問題。但是 實施嚴格的條例，帶回了藍天。中國也有希望重建藍天，雖然居民不應該期待短期內就可以自由呼吸新鮮空氣。
評論列表
有情感誤區能找情感機構有專業的老師指導，心情也好多了
被拉黑了，還有希望麼？