考點解析|中考英語重點短語辨析五41個完整版可打印+話題專項複習

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話題解讀

《英語課程標準》中關於「計劃與安排」的子話題有:1.計劃;2.安排。

關於「計劃與安排」的相關話題主要從以下角度進行考查:

1.談論夢想的職業、學習計劃、人生規劃、奮鬥目標或理想等;表達某種願望或期待(2020岳陽、2020淄博、2020黔南州、2020哈爾濱、2020海南、2019貴陽、2019吉林);

考點解析|中考英語重點短語辨析五41個完整版可打印+話題專項複習

2.制定對學習、班級活動、學校活動、團隊活動的計劃(2020呼和浩特、2019重慶A卷、2019北京);

3.假期、節日、生日聚會等活動的具體計劃及安排;(2020宿遷、2019北部灣經濟區);

4.志願者招聘或志願者服務活動(2020益陽、2020自貢、2019台州、2019嘉興)。

素材積累

一、常用話題詞彙和表達

plan(~to do sth.),volunteer(~to do sth.),visit,help,clean,plant,organize,activity,goal,leave school,graduate from,plant trees,do some cleaning,make…beautiful,give away,call on,want to do sth.,hope to do sth.,decide to do sth.,spend time on sth./ (in) doing sth.,have a better future,live happily,wish sb.good luck

[開頭句]

1.The summer /winter holiday is coming.

2.Here's my plan for ….

3.My classmates decided/made a decision to help the people in the nursing home.

4.I will start my new life in a new school. Now I'd like to share my plan with you.

[中間句]

1.We plan to take a bus to…

2.I'm going to have a good rest and relax myself.

3.If possible, I'd like to go to … for a visit of ….

4.We are going to meet at … at 7:00 on ….

5.I am looking forward to seeing you ….

6.I haven't made up my mind whether to go skating or not.

7.It'll take about … to get there by bus.

[結尾句]

1.I'm sure that I can do better in the coming school year.

2.Let's make a plan for the coming vacation together.

3.This is my weekend, like it?

4.I'm sure this vacation will be the best one for me. Let me try!

二、佳句欣賞與運用

◆計劃安排類

With the summer holiday approaching,I have made up my mind to do something to change my life.

The summer vacation is coming.I'm going to spend time with my family/friends…

We should learn to make a plan before we start to do something.

I'm going to do my best to get good grades so that I could go to college to get good education.

【仿寫】我要堅持練習畫畫,以便我能就讀藝術學院。

I willkeep practicing drawing/paintingso thatI can go to an art college.

I will develop some good habits such as arriving at school early and listening to teachers carefully in class.

【仿寫】我將養成按時完成作業的好習慣。

I willdevelop a good habit offinishing my homework on time.

I plan to take more physical exercise to build up my body.

◆志願者服務類

We'll make meaningful posters to help people know our city better.

I often visit Children's Hospital to cheer the sick kids up.

I'll give money to charities to help people in trouble.

My classmate decides to work in the old people's home.

All in all,we can benefit a lot by taking part in the voluntary work.

【仿寫】我經常參加保護動物的活動。

I oftentake part in the activities ofprotecting animals.

It's a good chance for us to develop not only a sense of responsibility but also our work ability.

◆夢想類

Hold onto your dream and never give up.

I believe that I will have a bright future ahead of me.

I have a dream that I can be a teacher in ten years.

I dream of being a scientist in the future.

【仿寫】我夢想能夠有一天飛上月球。

Idream offlying to the moon one day.

I have a strong desire to become a volunteer.

In order to achieve my dream of becoming a writer,I need to do more reading as well as writing.

As long as we work hard,we will achieve our dreams.

典例剖析

親愛的同學,初中的學習生活即將結束,接下來你將有兩個月的輕鬆假期。有的同學計劃去旅遊;有的安排走親訪友;有的想要上網(surf the Internet)、看電視、聽音樂;有的在娛樂休息之餘打算讀些書、學點生活技能、參加一些實踐活動;還有的……那麼你想好做什麼了嗎?請根據下列提示,用英文寫出你的假期計劃。詞數:80左右(開頭已給出,不計入總詞數)。

提示:

1.What are you going to do?

2.How are you going to plan your activities? Why?

3.What do you expect your coming holiday will be like?

The summer vacation is coming. I'm going to ...

【審題指導】這是一篇介紹假期計劃的作文,寫作時應用一般將來時(如will/be going to),以第一人稱的口吻進行敘述。可採用三段式寫作:第一段交代暑假準備做什麼;第二段具體介紹假期活動安排;第三段表達對假期的期待。注意第二段是重難點寫作部分,敘述時,注意運用恰當的邏輯詞或關聯詞, 將活動安排合理地串聯起來。

【寫作導圖】

【作文失分點與高級句型】

◎失分點

「假期計劃」類是學生比較熟悉的話題。結合此篇作文來說,易失分的地方主要有:

1.介紹具體的假期計劃時,不能拓展思維,不知寫什麼;

2.有的同學想法很多,但是不知如何布局,缺乏條理性;

3.句式表達簡短、單一,一提起將來時,只知道運用be going to和will結構。建議學生平時養成運用長句(如增加時間狀語、運用複合句)表達英語的習慣。這樣有助於提升作文檔次,增加作文分數。

◎高級句型(答案均在【佳作欣賞】中加粗體現)

1.I want to climb the Great Wall.I want to get some exercise.(用「by+doing」的結構將兩句合併為一句)

2.I am looking forward to meeting foreigners.I want to practice speaking English with them.(用because將兩句合併為一句)

【佳作欣賞】

The summer vacation is coming. I'm going toBeijing to visit some places of interest for vacation.

I plan to stay there for a week. On the first day, I'll visit the Great Wall to be 「a true man」.And I also want to get some exercise by climbing it. On the second day, I'm going to visit the Tian'anmen Square. I am looking forward to meeting foreigners because I want to practice speaking English with them. In the following four days, I'll spend two days learning to play the guitar in the Children's Palace and another two days staying at the hotel for a good rest. On the last day, I'll take a train home.

I hope I can have a happy and relaxing vacation.

【名師點評】整篇文章內容完整,層次分明。第一段開門見山,點明主題:「我」打算去北京遊覽名勝;第二段具體介紹了活動安排;第三段表達了對假期的期待。值得一提的是,第二段在布局上,按照時間順序將活動安排合理地組織在了一起。而且,第二段中運用的短語(如get some exercise,look forward to, practice doing等)和句式結構(如to do作目的狀語,by+doing, because從句等),短句與長句的交替使用,不僅體現了作者深厚的語言功底,而且使得文章不平庸,富有可讀性。

實戰演練

某網站正在舉行以「My Dream」為主題的英語作文大賽,請你寫一篇英語短文參賽。

內容包括:

1.你的夢想是什麼?

2.為什麼會有這樣的夢想?(至少1個理由)

3.你有什麼優點或愛好?(至少1點)

4.為了實現夢想,你覺得自己目前需要做什麼?(至少1點)

要求:

1.短文應包括所有內容要點,要點表達不分先後,可適當發揮,使短文連貫、通順;

2.短文中不得出現自己的姓名和學校名;

3.詞數80左右(開頭和結尾已給出,不計入總詞數)。

My Dream

I think everyone should have a dream.A dream can push you ahead.

My dream is to become a tour guide when I grow up.Why do I want to be a guide? First of all,I like traveling very much.Maybe being a tour guide is the best choice.If I become a guide,I can travel all around the world to know more about different cultures.Second,I like making friends.If I work as a guide,I can make lots of friends all over the world.It may be great.

I know it's not easy to be a good guide.So from now on I'll work hard at school to learn as much as possible and learn how to think for others.

There is a saying that 「Where there is a will,there is a way.」 I am sure my dream will come true one day if I work hard.

思路點撥

1.體裁:說明文

2.人稱:以第一人稱為主

3.時態:以一般現在時為主

4.段落布局:四段式寫作,開頭和結尾已給出,學生需寫作第二段和第三段內容;第二段需包含提示內容第1~3點;第三段描述為實現夢想所作的努力(提示內容第4點)。

考點短語解析五

1.die/ dead/ death

Ⅰ.die 是不及物動詞,一般指因生病,負傷等原因而死。且是非延續性動詞(瞬間動詞),不能和表示一段時間的狀語(for+段時間短語;或since……)連用。如:

① He was born in 1847 and diedin 1913. 他生於1847年,死於1913年。

② His grandfather has been dead fortwo years. = His grandfather died two years ago. 他爺爺去世兩年了。

③ He diedten years ago.他是10年前死的。(不可說:He has died for ten years. 或應說:It is 10 years since he died)

Ⅱ.dead 是形容詞,表狀態,可在句中作表語和定語。但不可作謂語。如:

① He is dead,but his name sill live for ever in our hearts.他雖然死了但他的名字將永遠活在我們心中。

② It doesn’t look like a dead fox.看來不像一隻死狐狸。

Ⅲ.death是抽象名詞,只能在句中作主語或賓語。如:

① The murderer was sentenced to death. 殺人犯被宣判死刑。

② I heard of his deathwhen I got to his house.我一到他家就得知他已經去世了。

[注]:①die /dye此兩詞本來意義是完全不同的(die 「死」 dye 「染,染上」),只時二者的現在分詞形式常易混淆。die—→dying dye—→dyeing

② die for / die from / die of/die away/die down/ die off/ die out

die for 表「為某一目的、事業等而死」;「渴望、極想」。

1).To die forthe people is a glorious death..為人民而死,雖死猶榮。

2).I’m dying fora cup of coffee. 我很想喝杯咖啡。

die from. 表「死於(創傷、勞累、憂愁等)」。(除疾病或情感以外的原因)。如:

1).He died froma wound. 他死於創傷。

2).She died fromoverwork. 她過度操勞而死。

die of 表「死於(疾病、情感、飢餓、年老等)」。

1).The old man died of cancer.那老人患癌症死的。

2).His father died of starvation in Germany.他的父親餓死在德國。

3). The old woman died of grief soon after her husband’s deth. 那位老太太在失去丈夫後不久就因悲傷而死。

die away 「消失;停息」如:

1).The sound of the car died awayin the distance.汽車的響聲在遠處消失了。

2).The wind has died away. 風已經停息。

die down 指燈火等慢慢地「熄滅」;指騷動等漸漸地「平息下來」如

1).They waited till the storm died down. 他們一直等到風暴停息。

2).The fire died down. 火慢慢地熄滅了。

3).The fighting has died down. 戰鬥漸漸停止。

die off 指一個個相繼「死掉」如:

1).They had to watch their young children died off through lack of food. 他們不得不眼睜睜地看着孩子們因為沒有東西吃而一個個地死掉。

die out. 「死光;絕種」如:

1).These animals have already died out. 這類動物已經絕種。

2.difficult/ hard

Ⅰ. difficult 「困難」多指智力上的困難。一般可與hard代換。但比它程度要大。如:

① The question is difficultto answer.

Ⅱ. hard 「困難」多指體力上的困難。如:

①Some of the apples are hard to reach.

3.litter / rubbish

litter 和 rubbish 都可指「垃圾」,用作不可數名詞。Litter 常指「(室內或公共場所)亂扔的廢物(紙屑、不要的包裝紙、廢瓶等)」還可回收;

rubbish 則指「沒用的東西(被扔或將要丟棄的無用的東西)」不可回收。如:

① Throw the rubbishout. 把垃圾扔出去。

② The room is full of rubbish. 房間裡堆滿了垃圾。

③ Pick up your litterafter a picnic. 野餐後將廢棄物收拾好。

4.discover/ invent/ find / find out

Ⅰ. discover 「發現」發現的事物是本來存在的或是有人知道的。如:

① Columbus discoveredAmerica. 哥倫布發現了美洲。

② He discovereda box hidden under the floor. 他發現了一隻藏在地板下箱子。

Ⅱ. invent 「發明」,發明的東西是從前沒有的。如:

① Who invented the steam engine?誰發明了蒸汽機?

② He has invented a new way of making silk. 他發明了一種造絲的新方法。

Ⅲ. find 「找到」指尋找的結果。是非延續性動詞。如:

I am looking for my bike, but I may not findit. 我正在找我的自行車,可是不一定能找到。

Ⅳ. find out 「找出、查明」指經過觀察、調查把某事、某物查出來,搞清楚,弄明白。如:

When he was a child, he liked to find outhow things worked. 他孩提時代時,就愛弄明白各種事物的來龍去脈。

5.dollar/ pound

Ⅰ. dollar 「美元」其貨幣符號為:$如:

①$12.5 = 12.5 dollars 12美元5美分。

Ⅱ. pound 「英磅」,英國貨幣單位。符號為:£。如:

②£12.5 = 12.5pounds. 12英磅5便士。

[注]人民幣為yuan, 符號為:¥。

6.door/ gate

Ⅰ. door「門」指進出房屋的門或屋內的門,也指車輛或櫥櫃等的門。如:

① The dooropened and a man came out. 門開了,一個人走了出來。

② There are sliding doorsbetween rooms. 房間之間有滑門。

Ⅱ. gate 「門、大門」,指出入某一場所的門,如城門以及圍牆、圍欄、籬笆等的門。如:

① We』ll gather at the school gateat 6:30. 我們六點半在校門口集合。

② Who is the man at the garden gate?誰在花園門口?

7.drag/ draw/ pull

Ⅰ. drag「拖、拉」指慢慢地拖着笨重的東西,意味着所拖的東西阻力很大。如:

① The horse was dragginga heavy load. 馬拖着很重的東西。

② The escaped prisoner was draggedout of hiding place. 那逃犯被人從隱藏的地方拖了出來。

Ⅱ. draw 「拖、拉」與pull相比,它通常指較平穩地,也往往是比較從容地拉。如:

① Draw your chair up to the table. 把你的椅子拉到桌子旁邊來。

② He drewthe book towards him. 他把書拉/拖到他面前。

Ⅲ. pull 「拖、拉」是普通用語,指用力拉,與push 相對。如:

①Pull the door open. Don’t pushit. 把門拉開,別推。

8.put down/ put up/ put on/ put away /

put off /put one’s heart into…

put down 把……放下

put up 舉起,抬起,掛起,張貼,建造

put on 穿上(衣服),上演(戲劇)

put away 收起來,保存

put off 推遲,延期

put one's heart into... 全神貫注於……

如:

① Don’t put downyour hands. Put them up. 不要放下手,舉起來。

② A new notice has been put up. 已經貼出來一張新的通告。

① He took down the old picture and put up the new one. 他把舊畫拿了下來,掛上了一幅新畫。

② A big building has been put up (= set up / build)in our school. 我們學校又蓋起了一座大樓。

③ He put onhis coat and hat and went out. 他穿上大衣,戴上帽子出去了。

④ Has the play been put onat this theater?這個劇院上演過那部戲劇嗎?

⑤ Let’s put our Christmas gifts awayand keep them a while. 我們還時把聖誕禮物暫時保存起來吧。

⑥ Put away your coats in summer. 夏天時把大衣收起來。

⑦ The meeting has been put offbecause of the rain. 大會因大雨而延期舉行。

⑧ You can do anything well if you put your heart into it. 如果你全心身地投入,你什麼事都能做好。

⑨ He put his heart into his work and didn’t notice me.

9.dress/ put on/ wear/ in/ try on

Ⅰ. dress 「穿」指穿的動作,也指其狀態。如:

① His mother dressedhim in new clothes. 他的母親給他穿上了新衣服。

② Get up and dressquickly. 快起床穿衣。

③ She dresses neatly. 他穿着整齊。

[注]:作vt,直接對象是人,而不是穿的衣服;作vi時,不能表穿什麼衣服。

Ⅱ. put on 「穿;戴」強調其動作。如:

① Put onyour coat. 穿上大衣。

② He put onhis hat and went out. 他戴上帽子出去了。

Ⅲ. wear 「穿;戴」強調其狀態。如:

① He wears a coat. 他穿着大衣。

② The teacher wearsglasses.老師戴着眼鏡。

Ⅳ. in 「穿;戴」是介詞。它構成的短語作定語或表語表其狀態。其後還可接表顏色的詞。如:

① She is ina coat . 她穿着大衣。

② The boy inblue is my brother. 那個穿藍色衣服的男孩是我的弟弟。

Ⅴ. try on 「試穿/ 戴」如:

Please go to the tailor’s to have a suit tried on. 請到裁縫店去試穿一套衣服。

10.drill/ exercise/ practice

Ⅰ. drill 「練習」指有組織,有指導地反覆進行的練習。尤指在課堂上或軍隊裡進行的教練。如:

Question-and –answer drills are important when yu are learning a foreign language.

Ⅱ. exercise 指為發展智力或鍛煉身體而進行的練習。如:

① He is doing an exercise in English grammar.

② We do morning exercises every day.

Ⅲ. practice 是不可數名詞,指為了達到熟練或完善的程度而反覆進行的練習。尤指在藝術、手藝或技巧方面。如:

Piano playing needs a lot of practice.彈鋼琴需要多練。

11.drill/ exercise/ practice

12.drop/ fall

Ⅰ. drop 可用作不及物動詞或及物動詞,意為「下降,丟下,放下」。fall 只用作不及物動詞,意為「落下,下降」。如:

① The boy felloff the tree. 這男孩從樹上掉了下來。

② The temperature is dropping. 溫度在下降。

③ Can you dropme? 你能讓我中途下車嗎?

④ I droppedthe box on my foot. 我失手讓盒子砸了我的腳。

⑤ I』ll drop offat the next stop. 我要在下一站下車。

13. maybe / perhaps / probably

Ⅰ. maybe, perhaps. & probably,都是副詞,有「或許、可能」之意。用法略有不同。

Ⅱ. maybe 和 perhabs 意思基本相同。如:

① Maybe / perhaps the weather will get better.可能天氣會變得好一些。

② Maybe / perhaps you put it in your basket. 或許你把它放在藍子裡了。

Ⅲ. Probably 「很可能」比maybe. perhaps 的可能性都大。如:

They will probablyrefuse to speak at the meeting.他們很可能會拒絕在會上發言。

Ⅳ. maybe 可用於句首或句尾。perhaps 可用於句首或句中; probably 一般用於句中,不用於句首。如:

① Maybe they will come.他們可能來(也可能不來)。

② They will perhaps come. 他們可能來(也可能不來)。

③ They will probably come. 他們很有可能來。

14. during/ in/ for

Ⅰ.during 和in 二者都表示某事的發生貫穿於某段時間中,或發生在某段時間 中的某一點上或幾點時間上。 在多數情況下,當我們不強調對比或某一段時間時,in 和during都可以用,意思上並沒有什麼區別。當我們要表達某事具體發生的時間時, 多用in.當我們指一項活動而不是一段時間時,只能用during, 另外during 還用來強調某動作持續了一段時間。如:

① I woke up three times in / duringthe night. 夜裡我醒了三次。

② He had some amazing experience in / duringhis childhood. 他童年時有一些驚人的經歷。

③ We usually go on holiday in July. (不能用during)我們通常七月份度假。

Ⅱ.during 和for. 兩者都是表示一段時間的介詞。

1. during 意為:「在……(時間)內」的行為或狀態,與一段時間的整體連用。如:during the spring, during last year, during 1980等也可以和表示延續性事件的名詞連用,如:during my childhood, during our stay, during his visit等,一般不用於現在完成時的句子裡。如:

① Duringthe winter we play fotball. 冬季我們踢足球。

② Many comrades went to see him during his illness. 在他生病期間許多同志去看望了他。

2. for引導一段時間,強調時間由始至終,可譯為「(時間)長達……」一般與有長度的時間短語連用,如for three weeks. For a long time等,可用於現在(過去)完成時或過去時句子等。 如:

① He studied English forthree years. 他學了三年英語。

② The French teacher has been in China forabout a month.

15.each/ every 「每個」

Ⅰ. each 和every 常可通用,後跟單數名詞。但也有一些區別:1)着重強調個體,而every 着重強調整體。如:

① Each student has got a new dictionary. 每個學生各有一本字典。

② Every student has got a new dictionary. 每個學生都有一本字典。(every student = all the students)

Ⅱ. each 用於指兩個或兩 個以上的人或事物, 而every 則用於指三個或三個以上的人或事物。如:

① There are some ads on eachside of the road. 公路的每一側都有一些廣告。(each side – both sides.這個句子中的each 不能用every 代替。)

② You look more beautiful each / every time I see you.每次見到你,你都看起來更漂亮。

Ⅲ. each 可用作代詞,後跟「of+複數名詞 / 代詞」。動詞仍然用單數,every 則不能這樣用,因every是形容詞。如:

① Each of students has got a new book. = Every one of the students has got a new book. = The students eachhave got a new book.(The students have got a new book each.)每個學生各有一本新書。

② Each of them likes light music. = Every one of them likes light music. = They each like light music. (They like light music each.) 他們人人都喜歡輕音樂。

16.earth/ ground/floor/field/ land/ soil

Ⅰ.earth 「地;地球;泥土」。它着重批「大地」,以別於「天空」;也可以指區別于堅硬岩石的泥土。如:

① The earthmoves round the sun. 地球圍繞太陽轉。

② Snakes creep on the earth.蛇在地上爬行。

Ⅱ.ground. 「地;地面」主要指大地表面。不論是呢地,沙地或水泥地,均可用這個詞表示;也可用來指運動場地。如:

① The groundis covered with leaves in the woods.樹林的地面上落滿了樹葉。

② There is a football ground in our school.我們學校有個足球場。

Ⅲ.foor.用於指建築物內的「地板」,其前面通常加the;此外,還可以表示樓房的「層」。如:

① The cat is on the floor.貓在地板上。

② the first floor(美:)一樓 / (英:)二樓。

Ⅲ.field. 表「田;地」常用於指種植農作物的「農田、土地」有時也可指研究、活動的「範圍;流域」如:

① They are working in the fields.他們正在田裡勞動。

② What’s your field of study? 你的研究領域是什麼?

Ⅳ.land. 「陸地」與河流和海洋相對;也可指「土地」,可耕種的田地就叫做land;它還可以表示「國土;國家」如:

① We travelled by landuntil we reached the sea.我們從陸路去一直旅行到大海。

② All the waste landin this area has veen opened up.這個地方的荒地全被開墾了。

Ⅴ.soil「土地;土壤」尤指生長植物的土地。如:

① The soilis very thin in the forest. 森林裡土層非常薄。

② The peasants are preparing the soilfor seed.農民們正在平整土地。

17.elder/ older

Ⅰ.elder的意思是年長的,指家庭里兩個成員中年齡較長的,或者指明的兩個人中年齡較長的。例如:

① He is my elderbrother. 他是我的哥哥。

② My eldersister works at a factory. 我姐姐在工廠里工作。

③ Which is the elderof the two? 這兩個人中哪一個年齡較大?

[注] elder用作形容詞時,通常放在名詞前面作定語。它也可以用作名詞,其複數形式表示長者、長輩的意思,例如:

We respect our elders. 我們尊重長輩。

Ⅱ.older是形容詞old 的比較級形式,指年齡較大、較老,也指較舊。例如:

① Comrade Zhang is two years olderthan Comrade Wang. 張同志比王同志大兩歲。

② This tree is olderthan that one. 這棵樹比那棵樹。

18.else/ other「別的、其它的」

Ⅰ. else adj.& adv作形容詞時,主要用在 who, whose , what , 等疑問代詞,或,nobody, nothing, somebody, something, anybody, anything, 等不定代詞之後作賓語;作副詞用時,用在where,when等詞後作狀語。如:

① He said what elseyou would like? 他問你還想要什麼?

② Where else are you going to stay? 你們還要在別的什麼地停留?

Ⅱ. else 可帶’s。讀作:[′elsiz] . 如:

I took someone else’s book by mistake. 我錯拿了別人的書

Ⅲ. other 是形容詞,有來修飾名詞時,須放在名詞之前。如:

Where are the other boys? 其它的男孩在哪裡?

Ⅳ. 還可以修飾代詞one, 或ones. 如:

This story is more interesting than the other one.這個故事比那個故事更有趣。

19.end/ finish/ stop

Ⅰ. ▲ end 指動作過程終止。

▲ finish指動作已完成,再沒有動作做。

▲ stop側重動作的停止,即由「動」到「不動」。如:

① Everything ended.一切都結束了。

② Have you finished your work?你的工作做完了嗎?

③ He stoppedreading to have a rest.他停止閱讀,休息了一會兒。

20.enjoy/ like/ love/ prefer 這四個詞都有喜歡之意,但用法不同。

Ⅰ.like意為「喜歡、愛好」,語氣較弱,其後可跟名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞等作賓語。like也跟複合賓語,賓語補足語常用動詞不定式,即like sb. to do sth. 「喜歡某人做某事」。如:

① In England many people likefish and chips. 在英國,許多人喜歡魚和油煎土豆條。

② He likes playing volleyball. 他愛打排球。

③ I don’t liketo eat pears now. 現在我不想吃梨。

Ⅱ.love意為「愛,愛好」,在感情上比like強烈,經常用於愛祖國、愛父母這一類程度比較深的情況,在口語中它往往僅指一般的喜愛,這樣用時和like的意思相近,可以互換,後面可以跟名詞、動名詞或動詞不定式。如:

④ We loveour Party. 我們熱愛我們的黨。

⑤ I loveto skate. 我喜歡滑冰。(可用like替換)

⑥ They loveplaying table tennis. 他們愛打乒乓球。(可用like替換)

Ⅲ.enjoy意為「喜歡、欣賞」之意;有「樂於;享受。。。。。。之樂趣」的意思,其後跟名詞、代詞、動名詞作賓語,不接不定式形式。另外enjoy oneself是「玩得愉快」之意,相當於have a good time,如:

① Many old people enjoyliving in a village. 許多老年人喜歡在鄉村居住。

② Did you injoyyourself in the park yesterday? 昨天你在公園玩得痛快嗎?

Ⅳ.prefer為「更喜歡、寧願」之意。常用於兩者之間的選擇,其後可跟名詞、代詞、動名詞和不定式,也可跟賓語從句,但賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。prefer還可以與介詞to連用,表示「喜歡。。。。。。。,而不喜歡。。。。。。」。其中to為介詞,後跟名詞或動名詞。Prefer to do…rather then do…意為「喜歡。。。。。。,不喜歡。。。。。。」。如:

① Li Lei likes Chinese , but I preferEnglish. 李雷喜歡語文,而我更喜歡英語。

② Mr Green preferswalking to riding a bike. 格林先生喜歡步行而不願騎車。

③ Which would you prefer, tea or coffee? 你比較喜歡喝茶,還是咖啡?

④ He prefersto write her some letters rather then telephone her. 他喜歡給她寫信,不願給她打電話。

▲ 總結:rather than「寧可;是。。。。。。而不是。。。。。。」,連接各種並列成份,在語氣上肯定前面否定後面。也可寫成would…rather than;rather than…would…,相當於instead of,如:

① He ran rather thanwalked. 他跑步而不是步行。

② They lost fame rather thanwealth. 他們失去的不是財富,而是名譽。

③ He would dierather than give in.=Rather than give in he would die. 他寧死不屈。

④ These shose are comfortable rather thanpretty. 這雙鞋不好看但穿起來很舒服。

⑤ She would ratherbe poor than do that. 她寧願受窮也不願那樣做。

21. error/ mistake/ fault

Ⅰ.error的意思是錯誤、過失,指背離某種準則的偏差,表示精確、不正確、不對。在本組詞中,這個詞用得最廣泛。例如:

① This is an error in grammar. 這是一個語法上的錯誤。

② He made an error in opinion. 你的意見有錯誤。

Ⅱ. mistake 「錯誤」, 指由於粗心、疏忽、缺乏正確的理解等原因而造成的「錯誤」。與error可通用,但在某些固定詞組中不能換用。如:

by mistake. In error 等。如:

① You have made a mistake in your spelling. 你在拼寫上弄錯了。

② I took his umbrella by mistake. 我拿錯了他的傘。

Ⅲ. fault「缺點、毛病」也可表「過失、過錯」含有當事人對造成的過錯有責任的意味。如:

① With all his faults , he is still a good comrade. 儘管他有缺點,分還是一個好同志。

22. even if / even though/ though

三者都可以引導讓步狀語從句。Even if 與even though一般可以換用,意為「即使、縱然」,引出的從句敘述的是假設或把握我大的事情,有時動詞可用虛擬語氣;though 意思是「雖然」,引出的從句敘述的是事實。如:

① He won’t tell me about it though he knows the news 雖然他知道這個消息但他不願意告訴我。(他是肯定知道的)

② He won’t tell me about it even if / though he knows the news 即使他知道這個消息,但他不願意告訴我。(他對消息或知或我知,句子含有一定的推測意味)

③ I will try even if I may fail. 即使失敗,我也要嘗試一下。

④ Though it was very late, he went on working. 雖然很晚了,他還繼續工作。

[注] though 和but 不能同時出現在句中。

23. evening/ night

Ⅰ.evening的意思是「傍晚、晚上」,指從晚餐至就寢這段時間,如:

① I must start by tomorrow evening. 我至遲到明天傍晚必須動身。

② We have a film every Saturday evening. 我們每星期六晚上都有電影。

Ⅱ.night的意思是「夜、夜裡、晚上」,指從日落到日出或從黃昏到拂曉這段時間。如:

① They spent the night in the forest. 他們在森林裡過夜。

② We sleep during the night and work during the day. 我們夜裡睡覺,白天工作。

③ We saw the play on the first night. 這戲第一晚上演我們就看了。

24. every day/ everyday

Ⅰ.every day連寫和分開,不但在句中的作用不同,意義也不同。every day是副詞詞組,意為「每天、天天」,在句中作狀語。如:

We go to school every day.

Ⅱ.everyday是形容詞,意為「日常的、普通的」,在句中作定語。如:

I study everyday English every day.

25. every one/ everyone

Ⅰ.every one是「每個」的意思,通常指物,後面常跟of短語。但跟of短語的every one既可指人,也可指物。具體指什麼要看of短語的內容。如:

① He ate up every one of those apples.他把那些蘋果一個個都吃完了。

② Every one of us went there. 我們每個人都去了那兒。

Ⅱ.everyone是代詞(=everybody),意思是「每個人、人人」,但一般不指具體哪個人,後接單數動詞。如果需要跟物主代詞,應用their或his,其後不跟of引起的介詞短語。如:

① Is everyone here?

② Everyone can do it.

[注]every one後不與of連用時,即可指人又可指物,指人時與everyone 相同。如:

Everyone (every one) can do it.

every one與of連用必須分開寫。

everyone 與not連用,只表示部分否定,並不是每個人的意思。

26. examination/ test/ quiz

Ⅰ.examination表示考試的意思時,通常指比較正式的考試,如學期考試、入學考試等。如:

① We have an examination in English today.我們今天考英語。

② The students did very well in the terminal examination. 學生們學期考試成績很好。(這裡指多門課程的考試,故examination 用複數形式)

③ They』ve passed the entrance examination for Nanjing Teachers』 College. 他們通過南京師範學院的入學考試。

Ⅱ.test表示考試的意思時,指小考或考查。如:

① We are going to have a midterm test next week.。我們下周進行期中考試。

② The teacher gave us a test in grammer. 老師對我們進行了語法考查。

Ⅲ.quiz表示小考測驗的意思時,指事先無準備,隨時進行的短促的測驗。如:

① The teacher gave us a five-minute quiz.老師對我們進行了一次五分鐘的測驗。

② How ofter do you have your quiz? 你們多長時間測驗一次?

27. exciting/ excited

Ⅰ. exciting 與excited 都含有「激動」的意思,在句中可作定語或表語。

exciting 指某事物「令人興奮、激動」,主語常是物。如:

① Skiing is more exditing than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更令人興奮。

② It was an exciting match. 那是一場激動人心的比賽。

Ⅱ. excited 表示某人對某事物「感到興奮、激動」,主語常是人。如:

① The boys were excited when they saw their team was winning 男孩們看到自己的球隊要贏了,都十分激動。

② The excited children were opening their Christmas presents.興奮的孩子們正在打開各自的聖誕禮物。

[注意]英語中與它有類似用法的詞常見的還有:

interested 感興趣的 interesting 令人感興趣的

worried 感到着急的 worrying 令人着急的

tired 感到疲倦 tiring 令人疲倦的

bored 覺得厭煩的 boring 令人厭煩的

frightened 感到害怕的 frightening 令人害怕的

28. excuse …for/ excuse … from

Ⅰ. excuse … for 「原諒某事」。如:

① He excused me for being late. 他原諒我遲到了。

② Please excuse me for using your telephone without asking permission. 請原諒我沒經你允許就用了你的電話。

Ⅱ. excuse … from 「使免於……,允許不……」如:

① The teacher excused him from the examination. 教師同意他免試。

② The boy was excused from doing housework. 允許這男孩不做家務事。

29. expect/ wait

Ⅰ.expect 是及物動詞,作「期待,預料,指望」解,表「期待某人會來或某事會發生」的意思,後接名詞、代詞、動詞不定式或從句。如:

① We expected you yesterday. 我們昨天就盼你來。

② We expect to meet you again next year. 我們期待明年再見到你。

▲ expect 可引申為漢語的「等待」,多用於進行時態,主要指「期盼」的心理狀態,其後不可接介詞for. 如:

③ Mr Brown was anxious. He was expecting you.布朗先生很焦急,他在等着你來呢?

Ⅱ. wait 是不及物動詞,常常與for連用,主要指「等候」的具體行為。如:

① Xiao Hu is waiting to have a word with you. 小胡等着和你說幾句話。

② I have a month to wait yet. 我還得等一個月。

③ We are waiting for a bus. 我們在等公共汽車。

30. family/ home/ house

這三個詞都可以作「家」講。

Ⅰ.house指供一家人住的房子,側重於具體的建築物。如:

There are four rooms in the house.

Ⅱ.family指由父母、子女所組成的家庭,是集體名詞,既可把它看成單數(指整體概念),以可視為複數名詞(指家庭成員)。如:

① His family is a large one. 他的家是一個大家庭。

② My family are all watching TV. 我們家的人在看電視。

Ⅲ.home指一個人出生或居住的地方,具有抽象的含義。如:

Hise is home near the station. 他的家在火車站附近。

另外,home還可作副詞。如:Let’s go home.

31. faraway/ far away

Ⅰ.faraway指時間、距離、程度等,「遙遠的」如:

the faraway guests 遠方的客人

它還可表「心不在焉的」。如:

a faraway look 恍惚的神色

Ⅱ.far away是副詞詞組,只表距離遠,在句中作狀語還常作後置定語。如:

① He’s standing far away.

② He lived in a small village far away.

32. farm / field

Ⅰ.farm是「農場」,它的範圍大,包括田地、樹木、家畜、家禽、房屋等,其前常用介詞on。

Ⅱ.field是「田地」,或生長草木的原野,多用複數形式,但一塊稻田可以說:a rice field,其前常用介詞in。如:

① There several kinds of animals on the farm.

② They’re working in the rice field.

33. farmer/ peasant

Ⅰ.farmer指經營農莊的人。

Ⅱ.peasant包括僱農、小佃農或小耕農。在我國將農民都譯為peasant。

34. farther/ further

father, further都可以是far的比較級,意為「較遠、更遠」,但further除此之外,還有「更進一步,此外的」等意思,既可以作形容詞,也可以作副詞。如:

① They made further arrangement. 他們作了進一步的安排。

② I may be able to give you some further information about it. 關於這件事,我可以提供另外一些信息。

③ She didn’t argue further about it. 她對此不再爭論了。

35. fast/ rapid/ swift/ quick

Ⅰ. fast 「快」一般指物體的運動速度(speed)快,常用來形容交通工具跑得快,鐘錶走得快,人的動作快等。如:

① A car goes faster than a truck. 小汽車比卡車跑得快。

② How fast the horse runs! 這匹馬跑得多快呀!

Ⅱ. quick 指較短的時間或較近的將來即可發生或完成某事,常用來形容動作敏捷、反應迅速。如:

① Come quick! 快來呀!

② Please give me a quick reply. 請迅速給我答覆。

Ⅲ. rapid 錶速度之快,往往可與fast通用,但它多指運動本身。如:

① The boy is making rapid progress. 這孩子進步很快。

② Rapid speech is usually indistinct. 急促的語言往往不清晰。

③ The current was rapid. 水流得很急。

Ⅳ. swift 錶速度很快而又常指運動平穩而不費力。如:

① Eagles are swift in flight. 鷹飛得很快。

② The curent was very swift. 水流得很快。

36. feed/ keep

Ⅰ. feed 「餵養」,強調具體的動作,意為:「給……餵食、給……東西吃」常用句型為:feed sb. / sth.(on sth); feed sth. to sb./ sth. 給(人或動物)某物作為食物。如:

① Mr King has a large family to feed. 金先生要養活一大家人。

② What do you feedyour dog on?你用什麼餵狗?

③ Feed some stewed(燉的)apple to the baby. 給嬰兒多餵些燉蘋果。

Ⅱ. keep 「飼養」,指總體情況,不涉及具體動作。如:

① The old woman kept many dogs. 那位老太太養了許多狗。

37. festival/ holiday/ red-letter day/ vacation

Ⅰ.festival「節日」其特點是同歡樂,如:外國的聖誕節,我國的春節等。

① Christmas and Easter are Church festival.聖誕節和復活節都是教會的節日。

② A number of new films were shown during the Spring Festival.

Ⅱ.red-letter day 「紀念、節日、大喜日子」,指日曆是用紅字標明的日子,如:

There aare many red-letter day round the year.

Ⅲ.vacation通常指按規定停下工作或學習等活動而休息的一段時間,一般較長,如學校里的寒暑假。如:

The summer vacation is over. 暑假已經過去了。

38. few/ a few/ little/ a little

few和a few 修飾可數名詞,little 和a little 修飾不可數名詞;few和little表否定意義,可受very修飾。a few 和a little表肯定意義,可受only修飾。如:

① Few people will agree to the plan because it’s too dangerous.

② This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it.

③ -------There is little water left in my glass.

-------Will you please give me some?

④ Don’t worry, we have a little time left.

39. fairly /quite / rather

Ⅰ. fairly 多用於褒義,語氣最弱,表「適度、尚可」等意思。

① It’s fairly cold out; wear a jacket. 外面頗冷,穿件外套。

② This is a fairly easy book. 這是一本相當淺易的書。

Ⅱ. Quite 與fairly 用法相似,但語氣較強。如:

① It is quite cold out; wear a coat. 外面很冷,穿件外套。

② You are not quite happy this morning. 你今天早上我太高興。

Ⅲ. rather 多用於貶義。語氣在這三個詞中最強。如:

It is rather cold out; wear a warm coat. 外面相當冷,穿件暖和人大衣。

40. fight/ struggle/battle

Ⅰ.fight 意為「戰鬥」,指人與人,動物與動物,用武器或不用武器的戰鬥,也可以引伸其義,如:

They fought their enemies bravely. 他們勇敢斗敵。

Ⅱ.struggle意為「鬥爭」,指那些費力、很艱苦、時間長的鬥爭,如:

His life was a hard struggle with sickness. 他一生與疾病作了艱苦的鬥爭。

Ⅲ.battle「作戰」,一般指有組織的武裝部隊之間的鬥爭。如:

They were wounded in battle. 他們都在戰鬥中受了傷。

作為名詞時,fight和battle都有「戰鬥」的意思,有時可以通用。如:

The fight/battle lasted a long time. 這次戰鬥持續了很長時間。

1) fight的意義比較廣泛,還可指人對自然界的鬥爭,有時也指人們之間的鬥爭。如:

We have starded a fight against pollution. 我們已開始了一場消除污染的鬥爭。

2) struggle相當於a hard fight(奮鬥),如:

The slaves won their struggle for freedom. 奴隸們為自由而進行的鬥爭勝利了。

41.enter/ enter into

Ⅰ.enter. 「進入」表進入一個具體處所,如房間、場所等,後面無需加介詞; 也可表「進入」某個時期或階段;當表示加入某個組織而成為其成員時, enter相當於join.如:

① She entered the house.她走進那間屋子。(不用into)

② China is entering a new stage of development.中國正在進入一個新的發展階段。

Ⅱ.enter into. 「進入、參加、開始從事」,後加抽象名詞,主要表示「進入」某種狀態。一般用於表抽象和借喻的意義。

Tom’s accident didn’t enter into our plan. Tom的事故是我們的計劃中沒有預料到的。

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評論列表

頭像
2024-05-09 19:05:57

差一點就放棄了,幸好遇見你們,真的很感謝你們的幫助!

頭像
2024-04-27 06:04:29

如果發信息,對方就是不回復,還不刪微信怎麼挽回?

頭像
2024-02-15 05:02:18

老師,可以諮詢下嗎?

頭像
2023-08-05 20:08:42

如果發信息不回,怎麼辦?

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